Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Aurora, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	62,057	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	55,445	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	22,253	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,506	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,241.1	...	...	1,241.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	50.00	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	62,060	30,115	31,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,580	5,375	5,200	17.0	17.8	16.3
0 to 4 years	2,975	1,495	1,480	4.8	5.0	4.6
5 to 9 years	3,615	1,830	1,785	5.8	6.1	5.6
10 to 14 years	3,995	2,050	1,940	6.4	6.8	6.1
15 to 64 years	41,920	20,430	21,495	67.5	67.8	67.3
15 to 19 years	4,225	2,195	2,030	6.8	7.3	6.4
20 to 24 years	3,775	1,965	1,810	6.1	6.5	5.7
25 to 29 years	3,200	1,655	1,540	5.2	5.5	4.8
30 to 34 years	3,450	1,665	1,785	5.6	5.5	5.6
35 to 39 years	3,980	1,845	2,135	6.4	6.1	6.7
40 to 44 years	4,265	1,930	2,335	6.9	6.4	7.3
45 to 49 years	4,705	2,235	2,470	7.6	7.4	7.7
50 to 54 years	4,945	2,350	2,590	8.0	7.8	8.1
55 to 59 years	5,105	2,475	2,630	8.2	8.2	8.2
60 to 64 years	4,280	2,105	2,180	6.9	7.0	6.8
65 years and over	9,555	4,315	5,245	15.4	14.3	16.4
65 to 69 years	3,020	1,475	1,540	4.9	4.9	4.8
70 to 74 years	2,410	1,090	1,320	3.9	3.6	4.1
75 to 79 years	1,715	775	945	2.8	2.6	3.0
80 to 84 years	1,150	505	645	1.9	1.7	2.0
85 years and over	1,255	465	795	2.0	1.5	2.5
85 to 89 years	770	305	470	1.2	1.0	1.5
90 to 94 years	375	125	245	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	100	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.8	16.3	17.0	17.8	16.3
15 to 64 years	67.5	67.8	67.3	67.5	67.8	67.3
65 years and over	15.4	14.3	16.4	15.4	14.3	16.4
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	2.0	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	40.9	39.9	41.8	40.9	39.9	41.8
Median age of the population	42.0	40.8	43.2	42.0	40.8	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,980	...	...	60.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,490	...	...	6.9	...	...
Row house	3,610	...	...	16.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	670	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,535	...	...	7.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,205	...	...	5.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,670	...	...	17.1	...	...
2 persons	6,230	...	...	29.0	...	...
3 persons	4,455	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	4,845	...	...	22.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,305	...	...	10.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	61,390	29,915	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,480	24,740	26,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	31,615	15,715	15,895	61.4	63.5	59.5
Married	28,690	14,265	14,420	55.7	57.7	53.9
Living common-law	2,925	1,445	1,475	5.7	5.8	5.5
Living common law - Never married	1,905	950	955	3.7	3.8	3.6
Living common law - Separated	125	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	850	415	435	1.7	1.7	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	19,865	9,025	10,845	38.6	36.5	40.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,570	7,185	6,385	26.4	29.0	23.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,245	490	760	2.4	2.0	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,785	910	1,875	5.4	3.7	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,260	435	1,825	4.4	1.8	6.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,120	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	4,680	...	...	25.9	...	...
4 persons	4,910	...	...	27.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,385	...	...	7.7	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	15,470	...	...	85.5	...	...
Married couples	14,005	...	...	77.4	...	...
With children⁶	9,285	...	...	51.3	...	...
Without children	4,725	...	...	26.1	...	...
Common-law couples	1,460	...	...	8.1	...	...
With children⁶	565	...	...	3.1	...	...
Without children	895	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,625	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,065	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	560	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	61,390	29,915	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	55,110	27,335	27,775	89.8	91.4	88.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	30,935	15,445	15,495	50.4	51.6	49.2
Parents in one-parent families	2,625	560	2,065	4.3	1.9	6.6
Children⁶	21,550	11,330	10,215	35.1	37.9	32.5
In a two-parent family	17,475	9,145	8,325	28.5	30.6	26.4
In a one-parent family	4,070	2,185	1,890	6.6	7.3	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,285	2,580	3,705	10.2	8.6	11.8
Living alone	3,675	1,455	2,215	6.0	4.9	7.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,455	510	945	2.4	1.7	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	1,160	615	545	1.9	2.1	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,390	...	...	71.6	...	...
Couple-family households	13,420	...	...	62.4	...	...
With children⁶	8,700	...	...	40.5	...	...
Without children	4,725	...	...	22.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,965	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,070	...	...	5.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	685	...	...	3.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	490	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	3,675	...	...	17.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,830	24,545	26,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,705	23,485	25,220	95.8	95.7	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	52,400	40,000	44,400	52,400	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,760	23,510	25,245	95.9	95.8	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	36,400	40,000	45,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,915	21,970	22,945	88.4	89.5	87.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,000	31,600	39,600	50,000	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,880	18,710	18,165	72.6	76.2	69.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	51,200	35,200	42,400	51,200	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,965	20,380	22,585	84.5	83.0	85.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,100	5,400	8,800	7,100	5,400	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,955	1,545	2,410	7.8	6.3	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,720	5,520	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,710	7,570	8,145	30.9	30.8	31.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	10,000	9,000	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,835	24,525	26,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,495	23,415	25,085	95.4	95.5	95.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,700	90,400	54,300	71,700	90,400	54,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,550	23,440	25,115	95.5	95.6	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,850	65,700	44,680	54,850	65,700	44,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,820	21,945	22,875	88.2	89.5	86.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,400	88,800	48,720	68,400	88,800	48,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,875	18,720	18,155	72.5	76.3	69.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,200	84,200	49,720	67,200	84,200	49,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,730	20,240	22,495	84.1	82.5	85.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,690	8,250	10,990	9,690	8,250	10,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,855	1,380	2,475	7.6	5.6	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	5,715	7,640	6,950	5,715	7,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,525	7,480	8,045	30.5	30.5	30.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,790	9,420	10,130	9,790	9,420	10,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,835	24,525	26,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,520	10,280	8,240	36.4	41.9	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	89,000	71,000	80,000	89,000	71,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	107,400	128,800	80,700	107,400	128,800	80,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,710	6,255	7,455	27.0	25.5	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,700	15,900	13,700	14,700	15,900	13,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,640	32,840	25,100	28,640	32,840	25,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.0	92.2	81.8	88.0	92.2	81.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.2	74.6	66.2	71.2	74.6	66.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.9	7.9	18.2	11.9	7.9	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.4	0.8	0.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.5	6.8	4.8	3.5	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.3	6.0	4.4	3.3	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,835	24,540	26,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,130	1,060	1,070	4.2	4.3	4.1
With total income	48,700	23,485	25,220	95.8	95.7	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,935	2,115	2,820	10.1	9.0	11.2
$10,000 to $19,999	5,515	2,425	3,095	11.3	10.3	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,715	2,930	3,790	13.8	12.5	15.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,090	2,150	2,945	10.5	9.2	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,205	1,740	2,465	8.6	7.4	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,565	1,570	1,995	7.3	6.7	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,975	1,370	1,605	6.1	5.8	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	1,270	1,320	5.3	5.4	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,175	1,130	1,040	4.5	4.8	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,920	980	940	3.9	4.2	3.7
$100,000 and over	9,020	5,805	3,220	18.5	24.7	12.8
$100,000 to $149,999	5,360	3,175	2,185	11.0	13.5	8.7
$150,000 and over	3,660	2,630	1,030	7.5	11.2	4.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,835	24,540	26,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,075	1,030	1,045	4.1	4.2	4.0
With after-tax income	48,760	23,515	25,245	95.9	95.8	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,240	2,240	3,005	10.7	9.5	11.9
$10,000 to $19,999	5,790	2,555	3,240	11.9	10.9	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,515	3,295	4,225	15.4	14.0	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,795	2,455	3,345	11.9	10.4	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,900	2,100	2,800	10.0	8.9	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,085	1,885	2,205	8.4	8.0	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,340	1,695	1,645	6.8	7.2	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,710	1,375	1,335	5.6	5.8	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,515	1,300	1,215	5.2	5.5	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,675	1,005	665	3.4	4.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	5,185	3,610	1,575	10.6	15.4	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,310	1,505	805	4.7	6.4	3.2
$125,000 and over	2,875	2,105	770	5.9	9.0	3.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,835	24,540	26,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	13,955	5,830	8,125	27.5	23.8	30.9
With employment income	36,875	18,710	18,165	72.5	76.2	69.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,580	2,590	2,990	15.1	13.8	16.5
$5,000 to $9,999	3,360	1,500	1,860	9.1	8.0	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	3,905	1,770	2,135	10.6	9.5	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	2,620	1,200	1,415	7.1	6.4	7.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,390	1,090	1,300	6.5	5.8	7.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,330	1,030	1,300	6.3	5.5	7.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,265	1,050	1,215	6.1	5.6	6.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,035	965	1,070	5.5	5.2	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,900	1,005	890	5.2	5.4	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,600	845	750	4.3	4.5	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,680	835	840	4.6	4.5	4.6
$100,000 and over	7,210	4,820	2,390	19.6	25.8	13.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,865	1,665	1,195	7.8	8.9	6.6
$125,000 and over	4,350	3,150	1,195	11.8	16.8	6.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,830	24,545	26,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,445	22,815	24,625	93.3	93.0	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,600	38,000	43,600	51,600	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,460	22,815	24,645	93.4	93.0	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,200	34,400	39,200	45,200	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,170	21,535	22,635	86.9	87.7	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,200	35,200	42,000	51,200	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,005	18,685	18,320	72.8	76.1	69.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,600	37,600	44,000	51,600	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,050	19,100	20,945	78.8	77.8	79.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,250	745	2,740	1,250	745	2,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,525	885	1,640	5.0	3.6	6.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,160	6,450	5,960	5,160	6,450
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,835	24,525	26,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,280	22,740	24,540	93.0	92.7	93.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,500	88,200	52,250	69,500	88,200	52,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,300	22,740	24,560	93.0	92.7	93.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	65,100	43,000	53,600	65,100	43,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,035	21,460	22,575	86.6	87.5	85.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,600	89,500	50,560	69,600	89,500	50,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,905	18,630	18,275	72.6	76.0	69.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,400	81,500	50,960	66,400	81,500	50,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,860	18,965	20,885	78.4	77.3	79.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,620	4,412	6,720	5,620	4,412	6,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,605	990	1,615	5.1	4.0	6.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,720	6,740	8,320	7,720	6,740	8,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,835	24,525	26,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,315	10,115	8,200	36.0	41.2	31.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	85,000	66,000	76,000	85,000	66,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	99,900	118,800	76,400	99,900	118,800	76,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,910	5,870	7,035	25.4	23.9	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	21,200	20,200	20,400	21,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,240	41,440	31,920	36,240	41,440	31,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.2	95.8	89.0	93.2	95.8	89.0
Employment income (%)	74.6	75.6	72.6	74.6	75.6	72.6
Government transfers (%)	6.8	4.2	11.0	6.8	4.2	11.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	1.1	0.6	0.3	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	51,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	161,800	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...	72,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,250	...	...	56,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	180,400	...	...	180,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,800	...	...	137,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	210	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	420	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	400	...	...	1.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	395	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	425	...	...	2.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	520	...	...	2.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	505	...	...	2.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,095	...	...	5.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,120	...	...	5.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,160	...	...	5.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,085	...	...	5.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,075	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,715	...	...	59.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,535	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,240	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,200	...	...	14.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,745	...	...	22.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	130	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	445	...	...	2.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	455	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	445	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	515	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	620	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	595	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,350	...	...	6.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,385	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,390	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,335	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,325	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,965	...	...	51.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,985	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,360	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,620	...	...	26.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	159,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,835	2,075	2,755	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	48,400	46,000	47,200	48,400	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	42,000	41,600	42,000	42,000	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	180,200	...	...	180,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...	137,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	170,400	...	...	170,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	125,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	205,000	...	...	205,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...	103,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,855	2,025	2,825	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,900	75,800	57,150	64,900	75,800	57,150
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,300	57,600	46,800	51,300	57,600	46,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	61,390	29,910	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,155	6,735	6,415	21.4	22.5	20.4
0 to 5 years	3,660	1,860	1,800	6.0	6.2	5.7
18 to 64 years	39,195	19,005	20,195	63.8	63.5	64.2
65 years and over	9,040	4,170	4,865	14.7	13.9	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,585	2,150	2,435	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,195	620	575	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	340	185	160	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,580	1,195	1,385	...	...	...
65 years and over	815	345	470	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.5	7.2	7.7	7.5	7.2	7.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.2	9.0	9.1	9.2	9.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.3	9.7	8.9	9.3	9.7	8.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.3	6.9	6.6	6.3	6.9
65 years and over (%)	9.0	8.3	9.6	9.0	8.3	9.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	61,395	29,915	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,155	6,740	6,420	21.4	22.5	20.4
0 to 5 years	3,660	1,860	1,800	6.0	6.2	5.7
18 to 64 years	39,195	19,005	20,190	63.8	63.5	64.1
65 years and over	9,045	4,175	4,870	14.7	14.0	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,675	1,300	1,380	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	625	310	315	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	85	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,715	820	895	...	...	...
65 years and over	335	160	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.5	4.6	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.4
65 years and over (%)	3.7	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	61,390	29,915	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	21,745	10,285	11,460	35.4	34.4	36.4
In bottom decile	3,980	1,895	2,080	6.5	6.3	6.6
In second decile	4,045	1,870	2,170	6.6	6.3	6.9
In third decile	4,205	1,980	2,230	6.8	6.6	7.1
In fourth decile	4,605	2,195	2,410	7.5	7.3	7.7
In fifth decile	4,910	2,350	2,565	8.0	7.9	8.1
In top half of the distribution	39,645	19,625	20,020	64.6	65.6	63.6
In sixth decile	5,230	2,505	2,730	8.5	8.4	8.7
In seventh decile	6,125	2,965	3,160	10.0	9.9	10.0
In eighth decile	7,215	3,545	3,670	11.8	11.9	11.7
In ninth decile	8,655	4,305	4,350	14.1	14.4	13.8
In top decile	12,420	6,305	6,115	20.2	21.1	19.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	61,395	...	...	61,395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.394	...	...	0.394	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.479	...	...	0.479	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.332	...	...	0.332	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	61,720	30,020	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	54,100	26,810	27,295	87.7	89.3	86.1
French only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,410	2,275	3,140	8.8	7.6	9.9
Neither English nor French	2,175	925	1,250	3.5	3.1	3.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	61,720	30,020	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,430	28,595	29,830	94.7	95.3	94.1
French	665	295	370	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	470	215	255	0.8	0.7	0.8
Neither English nor French	2,150	910	1,240	3.5	3.0	3.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	61,720	30,020	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,105	28,795	30,310	95.8	95.9	95.6
Official languages	36,915	18,310	18,605	59.8	61.0	58.7
English	36,275	18,020	18,255	58.8	60.0	57.6
French	635	285	350	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-official languages	22,190	10,480	11,705	36.0	34.9	36.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,190	10,480	11,705	36.0	34.9	36.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	690	340	350	1.1	1.1	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	680	335	345	1.1	1.1	1.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	540	260	275	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	540	200	340	0.9	0.7	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	460	165	290	0.7	0.5	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	310	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	220	100	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Telugu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,960	5,215	5,740	17.8	17.4	18.1
Albanian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	2,540	1,145	1,390	4.1	3.8	4.4
Baltic languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,500	1,125	1,370	4.1	3.7	4.3
Belarusian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Polish	270	115	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	1,725	780	940	2.8	2.6	3.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	640	285	355	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	400	175	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	385	170	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	180	80	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	365	175	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	4,440	2,175	2,265	7.2	7.2	7.1
Indo-Aryan languages	650	310	340	1.1	1.0	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	170	75	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,795	1,870	1,920	6.1	6.2	6.1
Baluchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	3,675	1,815	1,860	6.0	6.0	5.9
Dari	185	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	3,105	1,525	1,580	5.0	5.1	5.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	380	195	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,790	1,350	1,440	4.5	4.5	4.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,180	600	580	1.9	2.0	1.8
Portuguese	340	155	190	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	435	210	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	830	390	445	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	580	265	315	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,260	3,925	4,335	13.4	13.1	13.7
Chinese languages	8,245	3,920	4,330	13.4	13.1	13.7
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,985	2,355	2,625	8.1	7.8	8.3
Min Dong	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,070	1,465	1,600	5.0	4.9	5.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	180	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	330	150	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
Estonian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	255	125	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,615	1,225	1,385	4.2	4.1	4.4
English and French	250	110	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,045	970	1,075	3.3	3.2	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	61,720	30,020	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	38,515	19,095	19,420	62.4	63.6	61.3
French	165	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	6,960	3,270	3,695	11.3	10.9	11.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,960	3,270	3,695	11.3	10.9	11.7
English and French	635	290	350	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	14,260	6,780	7,480	23.1	22.6	23.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	600	250	355	1.0	0.8	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	555	255	300	0.9	0.8	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	61,720	30,020	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,670	28,575	30,095	95.1	95.2	95.0
Official languages	45,280	22,200	23,080	73.4	74.0	72.8
English	45,040	22,090	22,950	73.0	73.6	72.4
French	240	115	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	13,385	6,370	7,010	21.7	21.2	22.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,385	6,370	7,010	21.7	21.2	22.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	140	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	275	135	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	240	100	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	80	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	175	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,610	2,680	2,935	9.1	8.9	9.3
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,480	685	795	2.4	2.3	2.5
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,465	675	790	2.4	2.2	2.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Polish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,225	565	660	2.0	1.9	2.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	3,030	1,470	1,560	4.9	4.9	4.9
Indo-Aryan languages	290	135	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,740	1,335	1,400	4.4	4.4	4.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,685	1,320	1,370	4.4	4.4	4.3
Dari	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	2,270	1,105	1,170	3.7	3.7	3.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	300	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	870	405	465	1.4	1.3	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	70	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	185	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	420	195	220	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	390	180	215	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,305	3,020	3,280	10.2	10.1	10.3
Chinese languages	6,300	3,020	3,285	10.2	10.1	10.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,985	1,915	2,075	6.5	6.4	6.5
Min Dong	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,190	1,045	1,145	3.5	3.5	3.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	45	45	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,050	1,445	1,605	4.9	4.8	5.1
English and French	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,820	1,355	1,465	4.6	4.5	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	61,720	30,020	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,175	23,650	24,525	78.1	78.8	77.4
English	5,240	2,530	2,710	8.5	8.4	8.6
French	615	280	340	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-official language	6,125	2,840	3,290	9.9	9.5	10.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,125	2,835	3,290	9.9	9.4	10.4
English and French	95	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	665	330	330	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	310	120	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	475	220	255	0.8	0.7	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	61,395	29,915	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	59,105	28,915	30,190	96.3	96.7	95.9
English	59,085	28,905	30,175	96.2	96.6	95.9
French	5,350	2,180	3,165	8.7	7.3	10.1
Non-official languages	27,770	13,215	14,555	45.2	44.2	46.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,770	13,215	14,555	45.2	44.2	46.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,410	705	705	2.3	2.4	2.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,410	705	705	2.3	2.4	2.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	885	430	455	1.4	1.4	1.4
Aramaic languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	505	270	230	0.8	0.9	0.7
Maltese	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	145	75	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	755	245	510	1.2	0.8	1.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	705	220	485	1.1	0.7	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	400	200	200	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kannada	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	80	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	265	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	50	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,500	6,970	7,525	23.6	23.3	23.9
Albanian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Balto-Slavic languages	3,200	1,520	1,680	5.2	5.1	5.3
Baltic languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	3,160	1,500	1,655	5.1	5.0	5.3
Belarusian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	180	70	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Polish	365	165	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	2,270	1,115	1,160	3.7	3.7	3.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	230	125	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	385	195	190	0.6	0.7	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,095	450	645	1.8	1.5	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	735	315	415	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	720	305	410	1.2	1.0	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	310	125	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Afrikaans	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	250	90	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	665	290	375	1.1	1.0	1.2
Indo-Iranian languages	5,550	2,750	2,795	9.0	9.2	8.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,325	690	630	2.2	2.3	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	280	135	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindi	595	325	275	1.0	1.1	0.9
Kacchi	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240	130	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	425	225	195	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	4,285	2,100	2,190	7.0	7.0	7.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	140	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian languages	4,245	2,085	2,160	6.9	7.0	6.9
Dari	245	140	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iranian Persian	3,685	1,790	1,895	6.0	6.0	6.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	345	180	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,175	2,060	2,125	6.8	6.9	6.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,925	965	960	3.1	3.2	3.0
Portuguese	355	175	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	600	300	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	1,485	695	790	2.4	2.3	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	185	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	735	370	370	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,745	4,585	5,160	15.9	15.3	16.4
Chinese languages	9,745	4,585	5,160	15.9	15.3	16.4
Hakka	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	7,035	3,305	3,735	11.5	11.0	11.9
Min Dong	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	4,320	1,980	2,340	7.0	6.6	7.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	370	185	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Azerbaijani	95	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	295	155	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	420	230	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
Estonian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	295	175	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,395	29,910	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	445	245	195	0.7	0.8	0.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	400	225	175	0.7	0.8	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	200	130	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Métis	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	60,955	29,665	31,285	99.3	99.2	99.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,395	29,910	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	61,275	29,860	31,410	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,475	...	...	81.2	...	...
Renter	4,035	...	...	18.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,640	...	...	12.3	...	...
Not condominium	18,865	...	...	87.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,450	...	...	6.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,230	...	...	10.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,415	...	...	34.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,370	...	...	48.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,450	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 rooms	2,750	...	...	12.8	...	...
6 rooms	3,145	...	...	14.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,150	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,020	...	...	41.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,170	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	335	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	20,750	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	755	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,790	...	...	8.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,995	...	...	13.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,095	...	...	19.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,935	...	...	18.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,390	...	...	11.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,960	...	...	9.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,590	...	...	7.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,765	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	20,865	...	...	97.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	640	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,925	...	...	41.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,415	...	...	53.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,165	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	105	...	...	0.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,895	...	...	8.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,990	...	...	18.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,110	...	...	23.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,225	...	...	24.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,995	...	...	13.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,605	...	...	7.5	...	...
85 years and over	575	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	21,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,145	...	...	70.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,295	...	...	29.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,430	...	...	25.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,285	...	...	33.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,925	...	...	27.5	...	...
Not suitable only	570	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	395	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	14,220	...	...	66.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	20,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,350	...	...	11.4	...	...
Not in core need	18,230	...	...	88.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,475	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.8	...	...	62.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.9	...	...	25.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,100	...	...	2,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,284	...	...	2,284	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,215,000	...	...	1,215,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.1	...	...	44.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.0	...	...	27.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...	1,860	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	61,390	29,915	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	570	295	275	0.9	1.0	0.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	540	285	260	0.9	1.0	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	165	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215	115	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	60,760	29,590	31,165	99.0	98.9	99.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	61,390	29,915	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	55,420	27,245	28,175	90.3	91.1	89.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,530	6,445	6,085	20.4	21.5	19.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	42,890	20,800	22,090	69.9	69.5	70.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,975	2,670	3,305	9.7	8.9	10.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	61,390	29,915	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	37,775	18,720	19,060	61.5	62.6	60.6
Immigrants⁸¹	22,570	10,735	11,835	36.8	35.9	37.6
Before 1980	3,620	1,725	1,900	5.9	5.8	6.0
1980 to 1990	2,325	1,215	1,110	3.8	4.1	3.5
1991 to 2000	4,840	2,385	2,455	7.9	8.0	7.8
2001 to 2010	6,040	2,785	3,255	9.8	9.3	10.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,750	2,625	3,120	9.4	8.8	9.9
2011 to 2015	3,170	1,490	1,680	5.2	5.0	5.3
2016 to 2021	2,570	1,130	1,440	4.2	3.8	4.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,045	455	585	1.7	1.5	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	22,565	10,735	11,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,895	1,000	895	8.4	9.3	7.6
5 to 14 years	3,980	2,030	1,945	17.6	18.9	16.4
15 to 24 years	4,095	1,900	2,195	18.1	17.7	18.5
25 to 44 years	10,325	4,755	5,570	45.8	44.3	47.1
45 years and over	2,275	1,050	1,220	10.1	9.8	10.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	22,565	10,735	11,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,875	820	1,060	8.3	7.6	9.0
Brazil	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Colombia	255	110	145	1.1	1.0	1.2
El Salvador	30	30	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Guyana	180	55	125	0.8	0.5	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	295	130	165	1.3	1.2	1.4
Mexico	95	20	70	0.4	0.2	0.6
Peru	75	40	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	160	75	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	440	195	250	1.9	1.8	2.1
Other places of birth in Americas	285	130	150	1.3	1.2	1.3
Europe	5,775	2,765	3,015	25.6	25.8	25.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
France	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Germany	255	120	135	1.1	1.1	1.1
Greece	230	95	135	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hungary	140	80	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Italy	530	310	225	2.3	2.9	1.9
Netherlands	185	85	105	0.8	0.8	0.9
Poland	230	100	125	1.0	0.9	1.1
Portugal	125	50	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Romania	465	235	235	2.1	2.2	2.0
Russian Federation	645	295	355	2.9	2.7	3.0
Serbia⁸⁶	80	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	530	220	310	2.3	2.0	2.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	685	740	6.3	6.4	6.3
Other places of birth in Europe	815	390	425	3.6	3.6	3.6
Africa	765	380	385	3.4	3.5	3.3
Algeria	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	275	140	130	1.2	1.3	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	135	60	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	265	130	140	1.2	1.2	1.2
Asia	14,085	6,740	7,345	62.4	62.8	62.1
Afghanistan	165	80	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	3,120	1,510	1,605	13.8	14.1	13.6
Iraq	100	40	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lebanon	130	65	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	105	70	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
Turkey	105	60	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
China⁹⁰	5,200	2,430	2,770	23.0	22.6	23.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,325	675	650	5.9	6.3	5.5
Korea, South⁹²	540	270	265	2.4	2.5	2.2
Taiwan	160	85	75	0.7	0.8	0.6
Philippines	660	220	445	2.9	2.0	3.8
Viet Nam	280	135	150	1.2	1.3	1.3
Bangladesh	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
India	630	320	315	2.8	3.0	2.7
Pakistan	270	160	110	1.2	1.5	0.9
Sri Lanka	190	80	105	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	1,055	530	530	4.7	4.9	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,575	1,135	1,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	165	80	80	6.4	7.0	5.6
Brazil	30	20	10	1.2	1.8	0.7
Colombia	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.4
United States of America	70	30	40	2.7	2.6	2.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	185	75	110	7.2	6.6	7.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.7
Ukraine	35	0	35	1.4	0.0	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	40	30	2.7	3.5	2.1
Other places of birth in Europe	50	15	30	1.9	1.3	2.1
Africa	80	25	50	3.1	2.2	3.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	15	0.8	0.9	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	30	1.6	1.3	2.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Asia	2,135	950	1,185	82.9	83.7	82.3
Afghanistan	25	10	15	1.0	0.9	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	985	425	555	38.3	37.4	38.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	40	30	2.5	3.5	2.1
India	170	95	80	6.6	8.4	5.6
Iran⁸⁸	475	205	275	18.4	18.1	19.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	15	10	1.0	1.3	0.7
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	1.2	1.3	1.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	15	0.6	0.9	1.0
Philippines	115	30	85	4.5	2.6	5.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.6	0.9	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	70	45	30	2.7	4.0	2.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	85	40	45	3.3	3.5	3.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	61,395	29,915	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	24,325	11,525	12,795	39.6	38.5	40.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,355	8,505	8,845	28.3	28.4	28.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,710	9,880	9,830	32.1	33.0	31.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,950	9,015	9,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,680	5,840	5,845	61.6	64.8	58.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,685	3,050	1,640	24.7	33.8	16.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,990	2,790	4,200	36.9	30.9	42.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,785	1,865	2,920	25.3	20.7	29.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,210	1,165	1,050	11.7	12.9	10.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	275	150	125	1.5	1.7	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,950	9,015	9,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,190	650	545	6.3	7.2	5.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,150	500	655	6.1	5.5	6.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	510	275	230	2.7	3.1	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,385	690	695	7.3	7.7	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,650	6,875	7,775	77.3	76.3	78.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	61,395	29,915	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	23,895	11,425	12,465	38.9	38.2	39.6
South Asian	2,485	1,235	1,250	4.0	4.1	4.0
Chinese	10,865	5,150	5,715	17.7	17.2	18.2
Black	1,195	555	640	1.9	1.9	2.0
Filipino	955	385	575	1.6	1.3	1.8
Arab	675	365	305	1.1	1.2	1.0
Latin American	860	385	470	1.4	1.3	1.5
Southeast Asian	335	175	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
West Asian	4,345	2,135	2,210	7.1	7.1	7.0
Korean	800	395	405	1.3	1.3	1.3
Japanese	150	55	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	325	150	175	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	910	440	470	1.5	1.5	1.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	37,500	18,485	19,015	61.1	61.8	60.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	61,395	29,915	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,485	2,735	2,750	8.9	9.1	8.7
English	9,825	4,855	4,970	16.0	16.2	15.8
Irish	7,925	3,880	4,045	12.9	13.0	12.9
Scottish	7,555	3,655	3,900	12.3	12.2	12.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,620	1,315	1,305	4.3	4.4	4.1
German	3,270	1,560	1,710	5.3	5.2	5.4
Chinese	10,230	4,910	5,315	16.7	16.4	16.9
Italian	6,315	3,310	3,005	10.3	11.1	9.5
Indian (India)	1,530	765	765	2.5	2.6	2.4
Ukrainian	1,780	865	920	2.9	2.9	2.9
Dutch	1,435	720	720	2.3	2.4	2.3
Polish	1,855	885	970	3.0	3.0	3.1
Québécois	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,310	1,195	1,115	3.8	4.0	3.5
Filipino	1,025	385	640	1.7	1.3	2.0
French Canadian	570	290	285	0.9	1.0	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	920	445	470	1.5	1.5	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	185	115	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Métis	250	130	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	760	360	400	1.2	1.2	1.3
Russian	1,930	940	990	3.1	3.1	3.1
Norwegian	195	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Welsh	850	400	450	1.4	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	775	385	385	1.3	1.3	1.2
American	605	255	345	1.0	0.9	1.1
Spanish	680	330	355	1.1	1.1	1.1
Swedish	245	125	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungarian	650	345	310	1.1	1.2	1.0
Acadian	140	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pakistani	330	205	130	0.5	0.7	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	400	175	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jewish	1,265	680	585	2.1	2.3	1.9
Punjabi	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	290	165	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	405	210	195	0.7	0.7	0.6
Greek	1,375	625	750	2.2	2.1	2.4
Jamaican	510	280	225	0.8	0.9	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	730	365	360	1.2	1.2	1.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	870	440	435	1.4	1.5	1.4
Romanian	690	355	340	1.1	1.2	1.1
Lebanese	255	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian	3,220	1,515	1,700	5.2	5.1	5.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	380	200	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
Danish	175	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	460	225	235	0.7	0.8	0.7
Belgian	90	45	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	230	125	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mexican	170	50	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mennonite	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	285	125	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Finnish	370	185	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	255	120	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatian	170	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	220	95	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	215	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200	105	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	155	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	365	180	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	115	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	160	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Icelandic	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombian	325	145	185	0.5	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	175	100	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Syrian	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	265	85	185	0.4	0.3	0.6
Afghan	295	160	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	165	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbian	215	110	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ojibway	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	720	310	410	1.2	1.0	1.3
Ontarian	225	100	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Persian	1,160	590	570	1.9	2.0	1.8
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkish	185	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	100	70	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	395	230	170	0.6	0.8	0.5
Slovak	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	100	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iraqi	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	200	75	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	265	155	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	195	55	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquin	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	140	45	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lithuanian	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	160	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Palestinian	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chilean	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Macedonian	335	165	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Slovenian	150	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	200	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mohawk	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	90	45	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	205	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kurdish	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jordanian	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sicilian	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	61,395	29,910	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	815	350	465	1.3	1.2	1.5
Christian	31,150	14,350	16,805	50.7	48.0	53.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,455	2,025	2,435	7.3	6.8	7.7
Anabaptist	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,690	1,110	1,585	4.4	3.7	5.0
Baptist	575	255	320	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catholic	15,020	7,065	7,955	24.5	23.6	25.3
Christian Orthodox	3,200	1,540	1,655	5.2	5.1	5.3
Jehovah's Witness	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	410	170	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	310	120	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
Presbyterian	770	405	370	1.3	1.4	1.2
Reformed	125	45	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Church	2,335	1,025	1,315	3.8	3.4	4.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	885	430	460	1.4	1.4	1.5
Hindu	800	395	400	1.3	1.3	1.3
Jewish	1,460	720	740	2.4	2.4	2.4
Muslim	3,550	1,765	1,790	5.8	5.9	5.7
Sikh	200	110	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	470	215	260	0.8	0.7	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	22,930	12,000	10,930	37.3	40.1	34.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	60,915	29,690	31,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,455	26,460	27,995	89.4	89.1	89.7
Movers	6,460	3,230	3,230	10.6	10.9	10.3
Non-migrants	2,090	990	1,095	3.4	3.3	3.5
Migrants	4,375	2,235	2,135	7.2	7.5	6.8
Internal migrants	3,870	1,995	1,880	6.4	6.7	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,715	1,905	1,805	6.1	6.4	5.8
Interprovincial migrants	160	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	500	240	260	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	58,450	28,450	30,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	35,520	17,325	18,195	60.8	60.9	60.7
Movers	22,930	11,125	11,810	39.2	39.1	39.4
Non-migrants	4,235	1,950	2,280	7.2	6.9	7.6
Migrants	18,695	9,170	9,520	32.0	32.2	31.7
Internal migrants	16,015	7,945	8,070	27.4	27.9	26.9
Intraprovincial migrants	15,220	7,510	7,710	26.0	26.4	25.7
Interprovincial migrants	800	435	365	1.4	1.5	1.2
External migrants	2,680	1,230	1,450	4.6	4.3	4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,835	24,525	26,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,990	3,045	2,945	11.8	12.4	11.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,840	21,480	23,365	88.2	87.6	88.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,880	16,275	17,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,790	1,050	740	5.3	6.5	4.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,090	15,225	16,870	94.7	93.5	95.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,830	24,530	26,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,505	2,775	2,730	10.8	11.3	10.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,260	6,150	6,105	24.1	25.1	23.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,070	15,600	17,465	65.1	63.6	66.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,360	5,895	6,455	24.3	24.0	24.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,785	1,240	535	3.5	5.1	2.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	880	520	360	1.7	2.1	1.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	900	720	180	1.8	2.9	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,170	4,075	5,090	18.0	16.6	19.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	580	825	2.8	2.4	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,715	9,705	11,010	40.8	39.6	41.8
Bachelor's degree	14,155	6,425	7,730	27.8	26.2	29.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,325	570	755	2.6	2.3	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	210	265	0.9	0.9	1.0
Master's degree	4,215	2,175	2,045	8.3	8.9	7.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	545	330	215	1.1	1.3	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,880	16,275	17,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,505	885	615	4.4	5.4	3.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,175	3,275	2,900	18.2	20.1	16.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,200	12,110	14,095	77.3	74.4	80.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,160	4,285	4,875	27.0	26.3	27.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,205	855	350	3.6	5.3	2.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	550	340	215	1.6	2.1	1.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	655	520	140	1.9	3.2	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,890	2,995	3,890	20.3	18.4	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,060	430	630	3.1	2.6	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,045	7,820	9,220	50.3	48.0	52.4
Bachelor's degree	11,505	5,130	6,375	34.0	31.5	36.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,135	475	660	3.4	2.9	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	150	230	1.1	0.9	1.3
Master's degree	3,640	1,840	1,805	10.7	11.3	10.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	235	145	1.1	1.4	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,830	24,525	26,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,765	8,925	8,840	34.9	36.4	33.6
Education	1,850	410	1,445	3.6	1.7	5.5
13. Education	1,850	410	1,445	3.6	1.7	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,430	525	905	2.8	2.1	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	95	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,290	430	865	2.5	1.8	3.3
Humanities	1,995	690	1,305	3.9	2.8	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	275	35	240	0.5	0.1	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	470	130	340	0.9	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	200	325	1.0	0.8	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	60	65	0.3	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	295	155	140	0.6	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,805	1,610	3,195	9.5	6.6	12.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	465	150	310	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	585	50	535	1.2	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	675	200	470	1.3	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	785	170	620	1.5	0.7	2.4
45. Social sciences	2,140	1,015	1,120	4.2	4.1	4.3
Business, management and public administration	8,115	3,740	4,375	16.0	15.2	16.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	320	60	265	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,790	3,685	4,110	15.3	15.0	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,620	770	850	3.2	3.1	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	705	270	435	1.4	1.1	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	155	185	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	500	315	185	1.0	1.3	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,985	1,310	685	3.9	5.3	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,470	1,035	435	2.9	4.2	1.7
25. Library science	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	400	220	180	0.8	0.9	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,880	4,880	1,000	11.6	19.9	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	335	210	125	0.7	0.9	0.5
14. Engineering	2,900	2,180	710	5.7	8.9	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,065	945	120	2.1	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	690	685	15	1.4	2.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	600	580	20	1.2	2.4	0.1
48. Precision production	295	285	15	0.6	1.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	585	265	325	1.2	1.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	165	230	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	100	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	3,620	810	2,810	7.1	3.3	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570	305	270	1.1	1.2	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,965	465	2,500	5.8	1.9	9.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,175	600	575	2.3	2.4	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	675	215	465	1.3	0.9	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	350	255	95	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	120	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,885	16,275	17,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,680	4,165	3,515	22.7	25.6	20.0
Education	1,400	300	1,095	4.1	1.8	6.2
13. Education	1,400	300	1,095	4.1	1.8	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,180	430	755	3.5	2.6	4.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	70	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	360	720	3.2	2.2	4.1
Humanities	1,550	530	1,015	4.6	3.3	5.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	25	195	0.7	0.2	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	350	100	255	1.0	0.6	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	445	180	265	1.3	1.1	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	60	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	40	40	0.3	0.2	0.2
54. History	210	110	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0	80	0.3	0.0	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,770	1,215	2,555	11.1	7.5	14.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	105	255	1.0	0.6	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	470	30	440	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	565	150	420	1.7	0.9	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	555	120	430	1.6	0.7	2.4
45. Social sciences	1,720	800	925	5.1	4.9	5.3
Business, management and public administration	6,685	2,935	3,750	19.7	18.0	21.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	270	40	225	0.8	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,420	2,895	3,520	18.9	17.8	20.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,190	530	660	3.5	3.3	3.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	540	205	335	1.6	1.3	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	95	150	0.7	0.6	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	360	215	135	1.1	1.3	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,740	1,160	580	5.1	7.1	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,330	940	385	3.9	5.8	2.2
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	325	185	140	1.0	1.1	0.8
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,560	3,705	855	13.5	22.8	4.9
04. Architecture and related services	245	155	90	0.7	1.0	0.5
14. Engineering	2,400	1,775	625	7.1	10.9	3.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	815	710	105	2.4	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	465	460	10	1.4	2.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	425	415	15	1.3	2.5	0.1
48. Precision production	205	195	10	0.6	1.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	210	255	1.4	1.3	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	145	175	0.9	0.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Health and related fields	2,695	600	2,095	8.0	3.7	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	430	220	205	1.3	1.4	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,210	360	1,855	6.5	2.2	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	950	475	475	2.8	2.9	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	515	155	365	1.5	1.0	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	305	215	95	0.9	1.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	110	15	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	33,885	16,275	17,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,680	4,165	3,515	22.7	25.6	20.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,205	12,105	14,090	77.3	74.4	80.0
Location of study inside Canada	18,655	8,615	10,035	55.1	52.9	57.0
Same as province or territory of residence	17,270	7,985	9,290	51.0	49.1	52.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,380	630	750	4.1	3.9	4.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,550	3,495	4,055	22.3	21.5	23.0
Americas	1,040	525	515	3.1	3.2	2.9
United States of America	700	370	335	2.1	2.3	1.9
Mexico	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	130	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,795	855	940	5.3	5.3	5.3
Belgium	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	80	45	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romania	215	100	120	0.6	0.6	0.7
Russian Federation	300	140	155	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ukraine	270	110	160	0.8	0.7	0.9
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	505	260	250	1.5	1.6	1.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	155	65	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Africa	200	100	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nigeria	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	4,435	1,985	2,450	13.1	12.2	13.9
Iran⁸⁸	1,290	605	685	3.8	3.7	3.9
Iraq	25	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	130	70	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,590	730	860	4.7	4.5	4.9
Taiwan	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	160	75	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japan	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	200	80	120	0.6	0.5	0.7
Philippines	275	65	215	0.8	0.4	1.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	305	140	165	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistan	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	215	100	115	0.6	0.6	0.7
Oceania	80	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australia	75	25	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,830	24,530	26,310	...	...	...
In the labour force	34,205	17,725	16,480	...	...	...
Employed	30,170	15,920	14,250	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,035	1,810	2,235	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	16,630	6,800	9,830	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.3	72.3	62.6	67.3	72.3	62.6
Employment rate	59.4	64.9	54.2	59.4	64.9	54.2
Unemployment rate	11.8	10.2	13.6	11.8	10.2	13.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,830	24,525	26,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,815	7,025	9,790	33.1	28.6	37.2
Worked	34,015	17,500	16,520	66.9	71.4	62.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,065	10,630	8,435	37.5	43.3	32.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	14,950	6,870	8,080	29.4	28.0	30.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	42.2	39.5	40.9	42.2	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,205	17,730	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,035	535	500	3.0	3.0	3.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,170	17,195	15,975	97.0	97.0	97.0
Employee	26,745	13,195	13,550	78.2	74.4	82.2
Permanent position	22,475	11,260	11,220	65.7	63.5	68.1
Temporary position	4,270	1,930	2,335	12.5	10.9	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,395	595	800	4.1	3.4	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,870	1,335	1,535	8.4	7.5	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,420	4,005	2,420	18.8	22.6	14.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,205	17,730	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,035	535	500	3.0	3.0	3.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,170	17,195	15,975	97.0	97.0	97.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	845	680	170	2.5	3.8	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,460	2,450	5,005	21.8	13.8	30.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,850	2,935	920	11.3	16.6	5.6
3 Health occupations	1,850	365	1,490	5.4	2.1	9.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,845	1,175	2,675	11.2	6.6	16.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,235	525	710	3.6	3.0	4.3
6 Sales and service occupations	8,245	4,100	4,145	24.1	23.1	25.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,155	3,760	400	12.1	21.2	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	495	395	100	1.4	2.2	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,175	805	370	3.4	4.5	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,205	17,730	16,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,035	535	500	3.0	3.0	3.0
All industries¹⁹¹	33,170	17,195	15,975	97.0	97.0	97.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	120	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	45	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	200	165	40	0.6	0.9	0.2
23 Construction	2,605	2,160	450	7.6	12.2	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,720	1,780	935	8.0	10.0	5.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,665	1,035	630	4.9	5.8	3.8
44-45 Retail trade	3,775	1,870	1,905	11.0	10.5	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	955	715	240	2.8	4.0	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	810	505	305	2.4	2.8	1.9
52 Finance and insurance	2,770	1,350	1,420	8.1	7.6	8.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,115	530	580	3.3	3.0	3.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,205	2,405	1,800	12.3	13.6	10.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	215	110	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,400	795	605	4.1	4.5	3.7
61 Educational services	2,865	755	2,110	8.4	4.3	12.8
62 Health care and social assistance	2,835	570	2,270	8.3	3.2	13.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	695	390	305	2.0	2.2	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	1,460	735	730	4.3	4.1	4.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,120	470	650	3.3	2.7	3.9
91 Public administration	1,575	740	825	4.6	4.2	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	36,460	18,635	17,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	33,105	17,130	15,975	90.8	91.9	89.6
French	95	15	75	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	630	285	345	1.7	1.5	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	630	285	345	1.7	1.5	1.9
English and French	515	155	360	1.4	0.8	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,020	1,020	995	5.5	5.5	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	36,460	18,635	17,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,965	18,385	17,585	98.6	98.7	98.7
Official languages	34,840	17,870	16,970	95.6	95.9	95.2
English	34,655	17,840	16,820	95.0	95.7	94.4
French	180	30	150	0.5	0.2	0.8
Non-official languages	1,125	510	615	3.1	2.7	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,125	510	615	3.1	2.7	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	220	90	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	70	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	65	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	60	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	115	45	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	30	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	840	395	450	2.3	2.1	2.5
Chinese languages	840	395	450	2.3	2.1	2.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	585	250	330	1.6	1.3	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	265	140	125	0.7	0.8	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	495	255	240	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and French	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	400	230	175	1.1	1.2	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	36,460	18,635	17,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	34,255	17,650	16,600	94.0	94.7	93.2
English	450	190	260	1.2	1.0	1.5
French	365	125	235	1.0	0.7	1.3
Non-official language	1,010	490	525	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,010	490	525	2.8	2.6	2.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	260	130	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	30,170	15,925	14,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,720	5,490	6,230	38.8	34.5	43.7
Worked outside Canada	120	90	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
No fixed workplace address	3,190	2,385	800	10.6	15.0	5.6
Usual place of work	15,145	7,955	7,185	50.2	50.0	50.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,145	7,960	7,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,710	2,165	2,545	31.1	27.2	35.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,255	3,215	3,040	41.3	40.4	42.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,135	2,560	1,570	27.3	32.2	21.9
Commute to a different province or territory	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,335	10,340	7,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,320	9,380	6,940	89.0	90.7	86.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,165	8,890	6,270	82.7	86.0	78.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,160	490	670	6.3	4.7	8.4
Public transit	870	430	440	4.7	4.2	5.5
Walked	545	235	310	3.0	2.3	3.9
Bicycle	100	70	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
Other method	500	235	265	2.7	2.3	3.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,335	10,340	7,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,615	2,160	2,455	25.2	20.9	30.7
15 to 29 minutes	4,425	2,230	2,195	24.1	21.6	27.5
30 to 44 minutes	4,770	3,010	1,760	26.0	29.1	22.0
45 to 59 minutes	2,430	1,530	900	13.3	14.8	11.3
60 minutes and over	2,090	1,405	685	11.4	13.6	8.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,335	10,340	7,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,245	970	275	6.8	9.4	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,855	1,965	890	15.6	19.0	11.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,195	2,375	1,820	22.9	23.0	22.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,305	2,095	2,205	23.5	20.3	27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,535	1,735	1,800	19.3	16.8	22.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,200	1,200	995	12.0	11.6	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,430	6,875	6,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,095	550	545	8.2	8.0	8.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,335	6,325	6,010	91.8	92.0	91.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,215	5,235	4,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	905	455	450	8.9	8.7	9.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	280	285	5.5	5.3	5.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	340	175	165	3.3	3.3	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,305	4,780	4,525	91.1	91.3	90.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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